Linux - 国内镜像源

24 Aug 2020  (Last Update on 04 Apr 2022)

linux mirror

Contents

• 清华软件源
• Ubuntu
  • 版本代号 & 镜像下载
  • 更换软件源
• Debian
  • 版本代号 & 镜像下载
  • 更换软件源
• CentOS
  • 版本代号 & 镜像下载
  • 更换软件源
• 其它

我们作为国内用户在使用各 Linux 发行版时，往往会因为网络原因导致在搜索、安装和更新软件包时速度十分缓慢，极大地降低了用户体验。所以在安装 Linux 发行版时，不可或缺的一步就是替换发行版默认的软件源。

清华软件源 §

清华大学作为国内顶尖大学，计算机学科自然也是全国第一。其对于计算机学科基础设施的建设也投入甚多。Linux 发行版的镜像软件源就是其中之一。

该文章均使用清华大学开源软件镜像站所提供的镜像服务。该服务提供了近百种 Linux 发行版（Ubuntu、Debian、Fedora、CentOS、Arch 甚至 Raspberry Pi OS 等）软件源、开源软件镜像源（PyPi、Node.js、Docker、K8S 等）。

本文所有相关代码均可在官网找到。版权由清华大学开源软件镜像站所有。

为保证代码的时效性，请尽量使用清华大学开源软件镜像站上提供的修改模版。本文仅用作参考。

Ubuntu §

版本代号 & 镜像下载 §

• Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)
• Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)
• Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)
• Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr)
• Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)

更换软件源 §

直接编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件或者在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 目录下添加任意文件。

注释掉 /etc/apt/sources.list 中的原有内容，并根据你的系统版本添加如下内容：

• Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal)

  # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
  # 预发布软件源，不建议启用
  # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  

• Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (bionic)

  # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
  # 预发布软件源，不建议启用
  # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  

• Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial)

  # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
  # 预发布软件源，不建议启用
  # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
  

其中诸如 deb-src 的源码镜像源默认是不启用的，如果你需要手动编译安装某些软件，可以考虑启用。

Debian §

版本代号 & 镜像下载 §

• 下一代 Debian 正式发行版的代号为 bullseye — 发布时间尚未确定
• Debian 10 (buster) — 当前的稳定版（stable）
• Debian 9 (stretch) — 旧的稳定版（oldstable）
• Debian 8 (jessie) — 更旧的稳定版（oldoldstable）
• Debian 7 (wheezy) — 被淘汰的稳定版
• Debian 6.0 (squeeze) — 被淘汰的稳定版
• Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (lenny) — 被淘汰的稳定版
• Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 (etch) — 被淘汰的稳定版
• Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (sarge) — 被淘汰的稳定版
• Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 (woody) — 被淘汰的稳定版
• Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 (potato) — 被淘汰的稳定版
• Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 (slink) — 被淘汰的稳定版
• Debian GNU/Linux 2.0 (hamm) — 被淘汰的稳定版

更换软件源 §

直接编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件或者在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 目录下添加任意文件。

注释掉 /etc/apt/sources.list 中的原有内容，并根据你的系统版本添加如下内容：

• Debian 10 (buster)

  # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
  

• Debian 9 (stretch)

  # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
  

• Debian 8 (jessie)

  # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security jessie/updates main contrib non-free
  # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security jessie/updates main contrib non-free
  

CentOS §

版本代号 & 镜像下载 §

• CentOS 8
• CentOS 7
• CentOS 6

更换软件源 §

建议先备份 CentOS-Base.repo：

sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak

然后编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 文件，在 mirrorlist= 开头行前面加 # 注释掉；并将 baseurl= 开头行取消注释（如果被注释的话），把该行内的域名（例如mirror.centos.org）替换为 mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn。

或者，你也可以直接使用如下内容覆盖掉 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 文件（未经充分测试）：

• CentOS 8

  # CentOS-Base.repo
  #
  # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
  # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
  # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
  # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
  #
  # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
  # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
  #
  #
    
    
    
  [BaseOS]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    
  [AppStream]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - AppStream
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=AppStream&infra=$infra
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    
  [PowerTools]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - PowerTools
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=PowerTools&infra=$infra
  enabled=0
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    
    
  #additional packages that may be useful
  [extras]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    
    
    
  #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
  [centosplus]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
  gpgcheck=1
  enabled=0
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
  

• CentOS 7

  # CentOS-Base.repo
  #
  # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
  # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
  # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
  # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
  #
  # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
  # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
  #
  #
    
    
  [base]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7
    
  #released updates
  [updates]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7
    
    
    
  #additional packages that may be useful
  [extras]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7
    
    
    
  #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
  [centosplus]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
  gpgcheck=1
  enabled=0
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7
  

• CentOS 6

  # CentOS-Base.repo
  #
  # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
  # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
  # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
  # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
  #
  # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
  # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
  #
  #
    
    
  [base]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-6
    
  #released updates
  [updates]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-6
    
    
    
  #additional packages that may be useful
  [extras]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
  enabled=1
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-6
    
    
    
  #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
  [centosplus]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
  gpgcheck=1
  enabled=0
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-6
    
    
  #contrib - packages by Centos Users
  [contrib]
  name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
  baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
  #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
  gpgcheck=1
  enabled=0
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-6
  

更新 yum 软件包缓存：

sudo yum makecache

其它 §

其它 Linux 发行版更改软件源方式详询清华大学开源软件镜像站。